Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)
Part C
Directions :
Between 1807 and 1814 the Iberian Peninsula (comprising Spain and Portugal) was the scene of a titanic and merciless struggle. It took place on many different planes: between Napoleon's French Army and the angry inhabitants; between the British, ever keen to exacerbate the emperor's difficulties, and the marshals sent from Paris to try to keep them in check; between new forces of science and meritocracy and old ones of conservatism and birth. (46) It was also, and this is unknown even to many people well read about the period, a battle between those who made codes and those who broke them.
I first discovered the Napoleonic code-breaking battle a few years ago when I was reading Sir Charles Oman's epic History of the Peninsular War. In volume V he had attached an appendix, "The Scovell Ciphers." (47) It listed many documents in code that had been captured from the French Army of Spain, and whose secrets had been revealed by the work of one George Scovell, an officer in British headquarters. Omanrated Scovell's significance highly, but at the same time, the general nature of his History meant that (48) he could not analyze carefully what this obscure officer may or may not have contributed to that great struggle between nations or indeed tell us anything much about the man himself. Keen to read more, I was surprised to find that Oman's appendix, published in 1914, was the only considered thing that had been written about this secret war.
I became convinced that this story was every bit as exciting and significant as that of Enigma and the breaking of German codes in the Second World War. The question was, could it be told?
Studying Scovell's papers at the Public Record Office, London, I found that he had left an extensive journal and copious notes about his work in the Peninsula. What was more, many original French dispatches had been preserved in this collection, which, I realized, was priceless. (49) There may have been many spies and intelligence officers during the Napoleonic Wars, but it is usually extremely difficult to find the material they actually provided or worked on.
As I researched Scovell's story, I found far more of interest besides his intelligence work. His status in Lord Wellington's headquarters and the recognition given to him for his work were bound up with the class politics of the Army at the time. His story of self-improvement and hard work would make a fascinating biography in its own right, but represents something more than that. (50) Just as the code-breaking has its wider relevance in the struggle for Spain, so his attempts to make his way up the promotion ladder speak volumes about British society.
【总体分析】：
本篇节选自 The Man Who Broke Napoleon's Codes《拿破仑密码破解者》一书的前言部分。本节选介绍作者如何通过一位名不见经传的人物乔治·斯科威尔，对半岛战争中鲜为人知的密码战展开研究。
参考答案
这也是一场编码者和破译者之间的较量，即便对熟读这段历史的很多人来说，这也是闻所未闻的。
解析
① 分句 2 以插入语的形式置于分句 1 的表语之前，在语用层面提醒读者注意分句 1 的表语这一重点内容，翻译时仍可按照“分句1一分句 2”的顺序译出，可将 and处理为“而”以连接两分句。②两个定语从句 who made codeswho broke them 较短，可连其先行词（those 指一类人），整体精炼地译为“编码者/破译者”。③分 2 整体为 this is unknown to sb 的结构，而 unknown 意为“未知的；不了解的”，故可处理成“这对某人来说闻所未闻”。 参考答案
附录列出了从西班牙的法国驻军截获的许多加密文件，将其破译的是英军司令部一位名叫乔治·斯科威尔的军官。
解析
①两个定语从句的翻译：两个从句借 and 构成形式上的并列，语义上则存在时间上的先后因此从句之间的结构可处理成“它（附录）...，而其（这些文件）...”。②同位语的翻译：表示人物头衔或身份的同位语可与人名合并翻译，本句中的 an officer in British headquarters 可与 George Scovell合并译为“英军司令部一位名叫乔治·斯科威尔的军官”。 参考答案
他无法详细分析这位无名军官对那场国家间的大战是否做过什么贡献，也确实无法告诉我们多少此人的个人情况。
解析
①主句中两个谓语部分借 or 构成并列，可处理成“既不能分析.....也无法告诉我们·.....”。②宾语从句的翻译：引导词 what 在从句中作宾语，结合其后 may or may not 的不确定性可推断它指“什么；什么事（表示疑问）”，因此局部相当于“有还是没有做出什么贡献”，可译为“是否做过什么贡献” 参考答案
拿破仑战争期间可能有过很多间谍和情报官，但要找到真正由他们提供或处理过的材料，通常却非常困难。
解析
①分句1的翻译：There be 句型结合时间状语可处理成“拿破仑战争时期可能有过...”②分句2的翻译：本分句为 it is + adj. + to do sth 结构，翻译时通常把真正的主语提前，即“要做...是...的”。③定语从句的翻译：从句较短，可译为“的”字结构。 参考答案
正如密码破译对于那场争夺西班牙的战争有着更广泛的意义，他谋求晋升的种种努力也充分说明了当时英国社会的现实。
解析
①全句结构：从句和主句之间借 Just as...so...的结构相连，全句结构可译为“正如·....也....”。②后置定语的翻译：to make his way up the promotion ladder 修饰名词 attempts，形成 attempt to do sth 结构，字面义为“...的努力”；具体来看，make one's way 字面义为“前往”，同时兼具“上进；成功”之义，up 即“向上”，而 promotion 意为“提拔；晋升”，ladder 意为“（生活上进步或事业上晋升的）阶梯途径”，因此本部分整体含义为“攀爬晋升之阶”，连同 attempts 则可处理成“谋求晋升的种种努力”。
【全文翻译】：
1807 年至 1814 年，伊比利亚半岛（包含西班牙和葡萄牙）上演了一场规模巨大、残酷无情的战争。这场战争展现在许多不同层面：在拿破仑的法国军队和愤怒的半岛居民之间；在一直想给拿破仑皇帝加难添堵的英军和从巴黎派来试图钳制他们的法军将帅之间；在科学探索及贤能统治的新力量和思想保守及出身门第的旧力量之间。（46）这也是一场编码者和破译者之间的较量，即便对熟读这段历史的很多人来说，这也是闻所未闻的。
我第一次得知这场拿破仑密码战，是在数年前阅读查尔斯·奥曼爵士的恢弘巨著《半岛战争史》的时候。他在第五卷加了个附录“斯科威尔密码文件”。（47）附录列出了从西班牙的法国驻军截获的许多加密文件，将其破译的是英军司令部一位名叫乔治·斯科威尔的军官。奥曼对斯科威尔发挥的作用给予了高度评价，但与此同时，其《半岛战争史》总括性研究的性质意味着，（48）他无法详细分析这位无名军官对那场国家间的大战是否做过什么贡献，也确实无法告诉我们多少此人的个人情况。我非常想知道得更多一些，却意外地发现，奥曼这份 1914 年出版的附录却是这场隐秘的战争唯一一份可资参考的材料。
我开始深信，这个故事与第二次世界大战期间恩尼格玛密码机和破译德军密码的故事一样精彩刺激且意义重大。问题在于，它是否有办法被讲述出来？
在位于伦敦的英国国家档案馆仔细查阅斯科威尔的书信文件集的过程中，我发现他留下了丰富的日记和大量的笔记，内容跟他在半岛的工作有关。不仅如此，这些文件中还有很多法军的急报原件，我意识到这是无价之宝。（49）拿破仑战争期间可能有过很多间谍和情报官，但要找到真正由他们提供或处理过的材料，通常却非常困难。
随着我对斯科威尔事迹的进一步深入，我还发现了除情报工作之外更多有趣的东西。他在威灵顿公爵司令部的地位以及司令部对他工作的认可都与当时军中的阶级政治密切相关。他发奋图强、勤勉刻苦的故事本身就可以构成一部美妙绝伦的传记，但这个故事的意义远不止于此。（50）正如密码破译对于那场争夺西班牙的战争有着更广泛的意义，他谋求晋升的种种努力也充分说明了当时英国社会的现实。