Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)
Section III Translation
Directions :
A fifth grader gets a homework assignment to select his future career path from a list of occupations. He ticks“astronaut” but quickly adds “scientist”, to the list and selects it as well. The boy is convinced that if he reads enough, he can explore as many career paths as he likes. And so he reads——everything from encyclopedias to science fiction novels, He reads so passionately that his parents have to institute a “no reading policy” at the dinner table.
That boy was Bill Gates, and he hasn't stopped reading yet——not even after becoming one of the most successful people on the planet. Nowadays, his reading material has changed from science fiction and reference books: recently, he revealed that he reads at least 50 nonfiction books a year. Gates chooses nonfiction titles because they explain how the world works.“ Each book opens up new avenues of knowledge,” Gates says.
【总体分析】:
来源:Blinkist 2017.03.16。文章以比尔·盖茨幼时一份家庭作业完成情况引出他对阅读的痴爱,并描述指出他至今仍孜孜不倦。
【全文翻译】:
一个五年级学生拿到一份家庭作业,要求从一份职业列表中选择将来的职业道路。他勾选了“字航员”,但很快在表上添加了“科学家”,并将它也选上。这个男孩子相信,只要他读得够多,那么他想探索多少职业道路都可以。于是,他就这样读书——从百科全书到科幻小说,什么都看。他如饥似渴地读书,以至于他的父母不得不立下一条吃饭时“不许看书的规矩”。
那个男孩就是比尔·盖茨(Bil Gates),而且,他至今依然没有停止阅读——即便他已经成为这颗星球上最成功的人士之一。如今,他阅读的材料已经不再是科幻小说和参考书:最近,他透露说自己一年至少看 50 本非虚构作品。盖茨之所以选择非虚构作品,是因为它们解释世界是如何运行的。盖茨说:“每本书都开辟出新的知识途径。”
【长句解析】:
(1 )The boy is convinced that if he reads enough, he can explore as many career paths as he likes.
这个男孩子相信,只要他读得够多,那么他想探索多少职业道路都可以。
【解析】①系动词加 surprised、convinced、sure、afraid 等表示心理作用的形容词时可构成动词短语,在语法上相当于一个及物动词,后面可跟一个由that引导的从句作宾语。句中that从句即作isconvinced的宾语,具体说明男孩坚定不移相信的东西。②if本译作“如果;倘若”,而if he...he can...结构意在强调男孩信念“‘读书多’就能‘探索更多职业道路’”,故将其译作“只要”,更能契合该结构所传递出的充分条件之意。③as many as he likes 实际补充完整为 as many as he likes to explore,字面意思即“和他想要探索的职业道路一样多”,换句话即“想要探索多少职业道路就可以探索多少职业道路”。
( 2 ) He reads so passionately that his parents have to institute a “no reading policy" at the dinner table.
他如饥似渴地读书,以至于他的父母不得不立下一条吃饭时“不许看书的规矩”。
【解析】①passionately 本指“炽热地,狂热地”,此处根据其后蕴藏文意“连吃饭时也看书”而将其处理为“如饥似渴地”更形象生动。②institute...policy的翻译有两个难点,一是确定动词 institute 的含义。首先从中文的常用动宾搭配“……政策”,可以猜测“制定”、“废除”两个方向。然后根据 he reads so passionately(读书太过狂热)推测,父母应该是采取措施遏制过于狂热的读书势头,即“制定”不许读书的政策。二是确定institute...policy的具体译法。“制定……政策”较为正式,而根据文中语境“家庭生活”可知 policy 更倾向于“规矩,规则,原则”,故整体处理为“立下……规矩”更契合文中场景。③at the dinner table 既可指“在餐桌旁”,亦可指“就餐”,此处由其前a“no reading policy”“不许读书的规矩”可推测“就餐”更契合文意。
(3 )That boy was Bill Gates, and he hasn't stopped reading yet-not even after becoming one of the most successful people on the planet.
那个男孩就是比尔·盖茨(Bill Gates),而且,他至今依然没有停止阅读——即便他已经成为这颗星球上最成功的人士之一。
【解析】①after 可以单纯表示时间上的“之后”,如 We'll leave after lunch.(我们将在午饭后动身);也可以表示内含因果关系的“之后”,如 After winning the prize she became famous overnight.(她获奖后-夜之间成名了);还可以表示内含让步关系的“之后”,如 After all our advice, he still insists on going. (尽管我们劝阻,他仍然坚持要去)。此处根据 even(used to emphasize sth unexpected or surprising inwhat you are saying“甚至,即使”)所蕴藏的出乎意料之意,可知句意实为“比尔·盖茨功成名就之后本可停止阅读,而他竟然依然痴迷阅读”,也即,主句与 after 结构之间存在让步一转折关系,故而将 after 处理为“尽管/即便”更为恰当。②破折号后 not 实际是破折号前 hasn't否定之意的复现,其后省略 stopped reading,意即“(即便他……人士之一)也没有停止阅读”,但由于破折号前已完整传达出“没有停止阅读”之意,如果再补充完整会显得分外累赘,故可直接省略不译。
(4) Nowadays, his reading material has changed from science fiction and reference books: recently, he revealed that he reads at least 50 nonfiction books a year.
如今,他阅读的材料已经不再是科幻小说和参考书:最近,他透露说自己一年至少看 50 本非虚构作品。
【解析】①change from...的完整形式是 change from...to/into...,意为“从……变为……”。但此处并未涉及“变为什么”,所以翻译时可灵活处理成“(他阅读的材料)不再是……”。②宾语从句通常按照原文顺序直接翻译在谓语之后即可,但汉语习惯先说时间地点、再说事件,因此翻译从句中a year 时应将其提到从句谓语之前。
(5)Gates chooses nonfiction titles because they explain how the world works.
盖茨之所以选择非虚构作品,是因为它们解释世界是如何运行的。
【解析】①title 常见义为“标题,题目”,此处是熟词僻义,意为“(书刊等的)一种,一本”,可译为“作品”。②because的因果逻辑翻译,除了可以简单地选用对应的“因为,由于”,还可以采取增译法、选择汉语习惯表达“之所以……是因为……”,用以强调盖茨选择非虚构作品的理由。