Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs (41-45). There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)
Part B
Directions :
Five Ways to Win Over Everyone in the Office
Is it possible to like everyone in your office? Think about how tough it is to get together 15 people, much less 50, who all get along perfectly. But unlike in friendships, you need coworkers. You work with them every day, and you depend on them just as they depend on you. Here are some ways that you can get the whole office on your side.
(41) 【D】Reveal, don't hide, information.
If you have a bone to pick with someone in your workplace, you may try to stay tight-lipped around them. But you won't be helping either one of you. A Harvard Business School study found that observers consistently rated those who were frank about themselves more highly, while those who hid lost trustworthiness. The lesson is not that you should make your personal life an open book, but rather, when given the option to offer up details about yourself or painstakingly conceal them, you should just be honest.
(42) 【E】Slow down and listen.
Just as important as being honest about yourself is being receptive to others. We often feel the need to tell others how we feel, whether it's a concern about a project, a stray thought, or a compliment. Those are all valid, but you need to take time to hear out your coworkers, too. In fact, rushing to get your own ideas out there can cause colleagues to feel you don't value their opinions. Do your best to engage coworkers in a genuine, back-and-forth conversation, rather than prioritizing your own thoughts.
(43) 【C】Spend time with everyone.
It's common to have a “ cubicle mate” or special confidant in a work setting. But in addition to those trusted coworkers, you should expand your horizons and find out about all the people around you. Use your lunch and coffee breaks to meet up with colleagues you don't always see. Find out about their lives and interests beyond the job. It requires minimal effort and goes a long way. This will help to grow your internal network, in addition to being a nice break in the work day.
(44) 【G】Give compliments, just not too many.
Positive feedback is important for anyone to hear. And you don't have to be someone's boss to tell them they did an exceptional job on a particular project, This will help engender good will in others. But don't overdo it or be fake about it. One study found that people responded best to comments that shifted from negative to positive, possibly because it suggested they had won somebody over.
(45) 【B】Tailor your interactions.
This one may be a bit more difficult to pull off, but it can go a long way to achieving results. Remember in dealing with any coworker what they appreciate from an interaction. Watch out for how they verbalize with others. Some people like small talk in a meeting before digging into important matters, while others are more straightforward. Jokes that work on one person won't necessarily land with another. So, adapt your style accordingly to type. Consider the person that you're dealing with in advance and what will get you to your desired outcome.
【总体分析】:
来源:Money 网站 2017.12.13。本文是一篇关于“如何赢得同事的好感和信任”的论说文,脉络为:第一段引出话题“如何赢得所有同事的好感”——第二至六段分列五条有助于赢得同事好感的实用技巧。
- 【D】
Reveal, don't hide, information.
解析
第二段先借具体事例指出“在与同事相处时不要刻意隐瞒自己看法”,再说明理由“刻意隐瞒的人会失去他人信任,坦承自我的人会受到好评”,最后告诉读者如何坦诚:面对是“主动说出个人细节”还是“刻意将其隐瞒”之时,选择坦诚。【D】“吐露信息,不要隐瞒”符合本段主旨。
- 【E】
Slow down and listen.
解析
第三段先指出“乐于倾听他人”非常重要,再说明理由“不耐心倾听同事看法、急于表达自己观点会被认为不尊重他人”,最后重申耐心倾听的重要性,鼓励读者与同事进行平等互动的谈话,而不是自己想法优先。【E】“慢下来倾听”与本段主旨一致。
- 【C】
Spend time with everyone.
解析
第四段先借职场常态“只与三两同事往来”引出建议“拓宽交友圈,了解周围所有人”,再介绍具体做法“利用休息时间结识不常见的同事”,最后说明这样做的好处“不仅能丰富休息时间,还能拓展内部人脉”。【C】“花时间与所有人相处”契合该段主旨。
- 【G】
Give compliments, just not too many.
解析
第五段先给出建议“对同事的工作给予积极反馈”,随后说明益处“引发他人的善意”并提醒误区“要适可而止,不要过头”,最后补充介绍人们最喜欢的评价形式“起初为负面,后转为赞赏”。【G】“给予他人赞美,但莫过多”与该段主旨相符。
- 【B】
Tailor your interactions.
解析
第六段建议读者留意所有同事喜欢或惯用的沟通方式,并在与他们互动时相应地调整自己的说话风格,使之与对方的沟通喜好相契合。【B】“调整你的互动方式”与该段主旨一致。
【全文翻译】:
五招让你“征服”所有同事
你可能做到喜欢办公室的所有同事吗?想想集齐十五个彼此融治相处的人有多难,更别说五十个。但(同事关系)和朋友关系不同,同事于你是必需的。你每天和他们一起工作,你依赖他们,正如他们也依赖你。以下这些方法能让你赢得整个办公室的好感。
41.【D】透露信息,不要隐瞒
假如你对某位同事心存不满,你可能会尽量在其左右保持缄口不言。但这样对双方都没好处。哈佛商学院的一项研究发现,观祭者总是会对坦承自我的人评价更高,而隐瞒的人则会失去信任。其中道理并不是说你应该将个人生活坦露无遗,而是说面对“坦承个人细节”还是“刻意将其隐瞒”的选择之时,你应该做的恰恰是诚实。
42.【E】慢下来倾听
和“坦承自己”同样重要的是“倾听他人”。我们常会觉得有必要把自己的感觉——无论是对某个项目的担忧,是一闪而过的想法,还是一种赞美之情——告诉他人。这些都非常重要,但你也需要花时间来细心听取同事的想法。确切而言,急于一股脑说出自己的观点会让同事以为你不重视他们的意见。尽你所能让同事们参与到一场真正的、轮流发表看法的对话之中,而不是把自己的想法放在第一位。
43.【C】花时间与所有人相处
工作中,我们常会有一位“办公室朋友”或特别的知已。但除了那些信赖的同事,你还应拓宽范围,去了解周国每一个人。利用午餐或咖啡时间去结识那些不常碰面的同事吧。了解他们工作以外的生活和兴趣。这费不了多少功夫,却会对你大有裨益。它不仅是工作日中很棒的短暂休息,还将有助于你拓展内部人脉。
44.【G】给予他人赞美,但莫过多
听到积极反馈对于任何人都很重要。你不一定非得是某人的老板,才能告诉他在某一项目上表现得非常优秀。这将有助于引发他人的善意。但不要做过头,也不要假意奉承。一项研究发现,人们最喜欢那些起初为负面、而后转为正面的评价,可能因为这表明他们赢得了某人的认可。
45.【B】调整你的互动方式
这或许做起来更困难一些,但确实能大大助你取得实效。和任何同事打交道时,都要记住他们所喜欢的互动方式。留意他们如何与他人进行言语交流。有些人会面时喜欢先闲聊,再探讨重要问题。而有些人则更为直接。对某个人管用的笑话对另一个人不一定奏效。所以,要根据(对象)类型相应地调整你的(互动)风格。提前想想你将要打交道的是个什么样的人,以及你要怎么做才能获得想要的结果。
干扰项翻译
【A】站在他人角度看问题
【F】保持面色友善,随时如此