Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)
Section III Translation
Directions :
Most people would define optimism as being endlessly happy, with a glass that's perpetually half full. But that's exactly the kind of false cheerfulness that positive psychologists wouldn't recommend, “Healthy optimism means being in touch with reality,” says Tal Ben-Shahar, a Harvard professor. According to Ben-Shahar, realistic optimists are those who make the best of things that happen. but not those who believe everything happens for the best.
Ben-Shahar uses three optimistic exercises. When he feels down——say, after giving a bad lecture——he grants himself permission to be human. He reminds himself that not every lecture can be a Nobel winner, some will be less effective than others. Next is reconstruction. He analyzes the weak lecture, learning lessons for the future about what works and what doesn't. Finally, there is perspective, which involves acknowledging that in the grand scheme of life, one lecture really doesn't matter.
【总体分析】：
本篇节选自 Time《时代周刊》2009.03.26 一篇题为 A Primer for Pessimists（悲观者的入门读物）的文章。本文描述了积极心理学家对乐观的定义，话题常见，理解难度不大。
【全文翻译】：
大多数人都会把乐观定义为永远快乐，觉得杯子里总有半杯水。但这恰恰不是真正的快乐，积极心理学家们并不提倡。哈佛大学教授 Tal Ben-Shahar 说：“健康的乐观意味着不脱离现实。”按照 Ben-Shahar 的说法，现实的乐观主义者是那些不管发生什么事情都力求从中得到最大收获的人，而不是那些指望凡事都有最好结局的人。
Ben-Shahar 运用三种方法保持乐观。当他情绪低落时——比如说一次课没讲好——他宽容自己，承认自己是凡人。他提醒自己，不是每堂课都有获诺贝尔奖的水准；总会有一些课的效果不如别的课。第二种方法是回顾。他分析讲得不好的课，为以后汲取有用的经验和失败的教训。最后，还有视角问题，要认识到在宏大的生命长卷里，一堂课真的不算什么。
【长句解析】：
（1） Most people would define optimism as being endlessly happy， with a glass that's perpetually half full.
大多数人都会把乐观定义为永远快乐，觉得杯子里总有半杯水。
【解析】①本句结构简单，但需要注意一些细节。define ... as ...译为“定义为”；with a glass ...表示快乐所及的对象。②that's perpetually half full 是修饰 glass 的定语从句。
（2） According to Ben-Shahar， realistic optimists are those who make the best of things that happen， but not those who believe everything happens for the best.
按照 Ben-Shahar 的说法，现实的乐观主义者是那些不管发生什么事情都力求从中得到最大收获的人，而不是那些指望凡事都有最好结局的人。
【解析】①本句难点是固定短语 make the best of 和 for the best，意思分别为“充分利用，从……中得到最大的收获”“最终得到最好的结果”。②things that happen 直译是“发生的一切事情”，可以处理为“不管发生什么事情”。
（3）When he feels down——say， after giving a bad lecture——he grants himself permission to be human.
当他情绪低落时——比如说一次课没讲好——他宽容自己，承认自己是凡人。
【解析】①feels down是口语化表达，译为“情绪低落”。②grant sb permission to do sth 指“准许某人做某事”，to be human 内涵为“凡人皆会犯错”。
（4） Finally， there is perspective， which involves acknowledging that in the grand scheme of life， one lecture really doesn't matter.
最后，还有视角问题，要认识到在宏大的生命长卷里，一堂课真的不算什么。
【解析】①本句结构比较清楚，有 which 定语从句修饰 perspective，宾语从句表述 acknowledging 的内容。② matter 此处为动词，指“事关紧要”，really doesn't matter 是口语化表达，译为“真的不算什么”。