Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)
Part C
Directions :
Music means different things to different people and sometimes even different things to the same person at different moments of his life. It might be poetic. philosophical, sensual, or mathematical, but in any case it must, in my view, have something to do with the soul of the human being. Hence it is metaphysical; but the means of expression is purely and exclusively physical: sound. I believe it is precisely this permanent coexistence of metaphysical message through physical means that is the strength of music. (46) It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself.
Beethoven's importance in music has been principally defined by the revolutionary nature of his compositions. He freed music from hitherto prevailing conventions of harmony and structure. Sometimes I feel in his late works a will to break all signs of continuity. The music is abrupt and seemingly disconnected, as in the last piano sonata. In musical expression, he did not feel restrained by the weight of convention. (47) By all accounts he was a freethinking person, and a courageous one, and I find courage an essential quality for the understanding, let alone the performance, of his works.
This courageous attitude in fact becomes a requirement for the performers of Beethoven's music. His compositions demand the performer to show courage, for example in the use of dynamics. (48) Beethoven's habit of increasing the volume with an extreme intensity and then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage was only rarely used by composers before him.
Beethoven was a deeply political man in the broadest sense of the word. He was not interested in daily politics, but concerned with questions of moral behavior and the larger questions of right and wrong affecting the entire society. (49) Especially significant was his view of freedom, which, for him, was associated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual: he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression.
Beethoven's music tends to move from chaos to order as if order were an imperative of human existence. For him, order does not result from forgetting or ignoring the disorders that plague our existence: order is a necessary development, an improvement that may lead to the Greek ideal of spiritual elevation. It is not by chance that the Funeral March is not the last movement of the Eroica Symphony, but the second, so that suffering does not have the last word. (50) One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven by saying that suffering is inevitable, but the courage to fight it renders life worth living.
【总体分析】：
本文选自 The New York Review of Books《纽约书评》2013年4月一篇题为 Beethoven and theQuality of Courage（贝多芬与勇气）的文章。本文结合对贝多芬作曲特点的分析，对其政治观点的阐述，道出了贝多芬音乐的精神内涵：以勇气战胜苦难。
参考答案
这也解释了为什么当我们试图用语言去描述音乐的时候，充其量只能是说清楚自己的感受，而无法抓住音乐本身。
解析
①本句主干是 It is also the reason。why 引导的定语从句修饰 reason 具体说明上句原因导致的结果，It is also the reason why 可译为“这也是为什么……”，why从句中又嵌套了 when引导的时间状语从句。②all we can do 意为“我们所能做的，我们只能”；articulate 意为“清楚地表达，说出”；grasp 以抽象对象为宾语时意为“理解，领会”，此句 grasp的对象是抽象的“音乐”，作者意在说明：与能够清楚表达的听众感受相比，音乐本身是那样难以捉摸。
参考答案
总而言之，他是一个思想不受束缚的人，而且是一个富有勇气的人。我认为勇气是理解——更是演奏——其作品不可或缺的品格。
解析
①第二个 and 将本句分为两个并列分句。②分句1中 By all accounts 为固定短语“据大家所说，整体而言”；one 指代 person，因此a courageous one 意为“一个勇敢的人”。③分句2使用了“find+sb/sth+n”（n为宾语补足语）的句式，意为“发现某人/某物是……”；插人语 let alone the performance 意为“何况/更不用说演奏了”；后置定语 of his works 限定修饰 understanding。
参考答案
贝多芬惯以超凡的力度加大音响，随后突然进入一个意想不到的柔和乐段，这种手法在前人的作品中极为罕见。
解析
①本句主干为 Beethoven's habit was only rarely used by composers before him。 ②主语Beethoven's habit 包含较长的后置定语 of increasing...and then abruptly following...，可将名词 habit转译为动词“习惯于”，将主语部分转成两个通顺明白的短句“贝多芬习惯于先增大……，然后接续……”。③volume用在声音方面时意为“音量，响度”；intensity 意为“强度”；abruptly 意为“突然地，出乎意料地”；soft用于声音方面时意为“轻柔的，柔和的”；passage 意为“一段，一节”。
参考答案
尤具深意的是他的自由观，在他看来自由关系到个人的权利和责任：他主张思想和个人表达的自由。
解析
①本句由冒号连接的两个分句构成。第一个分句为倒装句式：表语 Especially significant 被前置；which引导非限制性定语从句，对贝多芬的“自由观”进行补充说明，翻译时单独成句，并补充出主语（which 所指）。②be associated with 意为“与……有关”；of thought and of personal expression 作 freedom 的后置定语，翻译时要将定语前置“……的自由”。
参考答案
苦难是不可避免的，但与之抗争的勇气正是生活的意义所在。对贝多芬的诸多作品，我们都可做此解读。
解析
①本句中“by + doing”结构作方式状语，并嵌套了较长的宾语从句，翻译时可把整个 by ... 状语部分拆译出来单独成句；saying 近义复现前面的谓语动词 interpret（解释），因此 saying 可省译②that宾语从句由 but 连接的两个分句构成，but后的分句谓语部分为“render+sb/sth + adi./介词短语”结构“使……成为/变得/处于某状态”，render life worth living 可译为“使得生命值得继续”或者“让我们值得活下去”。
【全文翻译】：
对于音乐的意义，不同的人有不同的看法，有时甚至在同一个人生命中的不同时刻，音乐的意义也不尽相同。音乐可以是诗意的，哲学的，感官的，或者是数学的，但是在我看来，无论如何，音乐一定是关乎人类灵魂的。因此音乐是精神上的；但音乐的表达手段却纯粹而完全地是物质的：声音。我认为，恰恰是这种通过有形的物质载体去传递无形的精神内涵的永久共存方式，铸就了音乐的力量。（46）这也解释了为什么当我们试图用语言去描述音乐的时候，充其量只能是说清楚自己的感受，而无法抓住音乐本身。
贝多芬在音乐上的重要性主要体现在其作品的革命性。他将音乐从至今依然流行的和声与结构常规中解放了出来。有时我从其晚期作品中能感受到一种打破一切连续性符号的决心。正如他的最后一首钢琴奏鸣曲那样，他的晚期曲作中常有遽然骤变，犹如不相关联。他的音乐表达不受制于常规。（47）总而言之，他是一个思想不受束缚的人，而且是一个富有勇气的人。我认为勇气是理解——更是演奏——其作品不可或缺的品格。
这种勇敢的态度实际上成为了演奏贝多芬乐曲的一个必要条件。他的作品要求演奏者展现出勇气，比如在力度的运用上。（48）贝多芬惯以超凡的力度加大音响，随后突然进入一个意想不到的柔和乐段，这种手法在前人的作品中极为罕见。
从最广义上而言，贝多芬是一个热衷政治的人。但他对日常政务并不感兴趣，他所关心的是道德行为问题，以及更大的、影响整个社会的是非正义问题。（49）尤具深意的是他的自由观，在他看来自由关系到个人的权利和责任：他主张思想和个人表达的自由。
贝多芬的音乐往往从混乱走向秩序，就好像秩序是人类存在的必需之事。对他而言，对困扰着我们生存的紊乱加以遗忘或忽视，并不能带来秩序；秩序是一种必要的发展，一种可以引领人类走向希腊理想中的精神升华的进步。《葬礼进行曲》不是《英雄交响曲》的最后乐章，而是第二乐章，从而苦难没有成为最后的胜利者，这绝非偶然。（50）苦难是不可避免的，但与之抗争的勇气正是生活的意义所在。对贝多芬的诸多作品，我们都可做此解读。