Part B

Directions :

Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs (41-45). There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)


Act Your Shoe Size, Not Your Age

As adults, it seems that we are constantly pursuing happiness, often with mixed results. Yet children appear to have it down to an art——and for the most part they don't need self-help books or therapy. Instead, they look after their wellbeing instinctively, and usually more effectively than we do as grownups. Perhaps it's time to learn a few lessons from them.

(41) DExpress your emotions

What does a child do when he's sad? He cries. When he's angry? He shouts. Scared? Probably a bit of both. As we grow up, we learn to control our emotions so they are manageable and don't dictate our behaviours, which is in many ways a good thing. But too often we take this process too far and end up suppressing emotions, especially negative ones, That's about as effective as brushing dirt under a carpet and can even make us ill. What we need to do is find a way to acknowledge and express what we feel appropriately, and then——again, like children——move on.

(42) FBe easily pleased

A couple of Christmases ago, my youngest stepdaughter, who was nine years old at the time, got a Superman T-shirt for Christmas. It cost less than a fiver but she was overjoyed, and couldn't stop talking about it. Too often we believe that a new job, bigger house or better car will be the magic silver bullet that will allow us to finally be content, but the reality is these things have very little lasting impact on our happiness levels. Instead, being grateful for small things every day is a much better way to improve wellbeing.

(43) ABe silly

Have you ever noticed how much children laugh? If we adults could indulge in a bit of silliness and giggling, we would reduce the stress hormones in our bodies, increase good hormones like endorphins, improve blood flow to our hearts and even have a greater chance of fighting off infection. All of which would, of course, have a positive effect on our happiness levels.

(44) BHave fun

The problem with being a grownup is that there's an awful lot of serious stuff to deal with——work, mortgage payments, figuring out what to cook for dinner. But as adults we also have the luxury of being able to control our own diaries and it's important that we schedule in time to enjoy the things we love. Those things might be social, sporting, creative or completely random(dancing around the living room, anyone?)——it doesn't matter, so long as they're enjoyable, and not likely to have negative side effects, such as drinking too much alcohol or going on a wild spending spree if you're on a tight budget.

(45) EDon't overthink it

Having said all of the above, it's important to add that we shouldn't try too hard to be happy. Scientists tell us this can backfire and actually have a negative impact on our wellbeing. As the Chinese philosopher Chuang Tzu is reported to have said: “Happiness is the absence of striving for happiness.”And in that, once more, we need to look to the example of our children, to whom happiness is not a goal but a natural byproduct of the way they live.


【总体分析】:

来源:The Guardian《卫报》2015.01.27。文章指出不断追求幸福、却往往求而不得的成年人应该向孩子学习如何获取幸福。

  1. 【D】

    Express your emotions

    解析

    第二段前六句先介绍孩子的情绪反应:喜怒哀乐随情绪而来,简单直白。随后第七至九句介绍成年人相反做法:控制、抑制情绪,这有害健康。第十句顺而提出建议:要像孩子一样承认并表达情绪。【D】Express your emotions与该段主旨 acknowledge and express what we feel一致,紧扣段落中心 emotions。

  2. 【F】

    Be easily pleased

    解析

    第三段前三句以对比手法说明“孩子们容易对小事情感到幸福,而成年人认为只有大事情才能带来幸福”,第四句作者给出对成年人的建议: “对小事情充满感激可以提升幸福”。【F】Be easily pleased 与第三段主旨 being grateful for small things 相一致。

  3. 【A】

    Be silly

    解析

    第四段首两句作者由孩子们爱笑,指出成年人应该也保留一些傻气和傻笑,并说明这样会给身体带来好的影响。末句指出这会提升幸福水平。【A】Be silly与第四段主旨indulge in a bit of silliness and giggling 相一致。

  4. 【B】

    Have fun

    解析

    第五段第一句首先指出成年人要应付太多事情,第二句随后转折指出成年人也可以控制好工作日程,安排时间享受自己喜欢的事情,第三句最后说明成年人可以如何玩乐。【B】Have fun 是对第五段主旨 schedule in time to enjoy the things we love 的概述。

  5. 【E】

    Don't overthink it

    解析

    第六段首句即给出建议:不应该过分追逐幸福。随后引用科学发现和庄子名言解释原因:过分追求幸福可能会适得其反;幸福不应过分追逐,而应顺其自然。【E】Don't overthink it与该段主旨 shouldn't try too hard to be happy, not a goal but a natural byproduct 相统一。

【全文翻译】:

作为成年人,似乎我们在不断追寻幸福,结局却往往不一。而孩子们似乎对此驾轻就熟——并且在很大程度上他们不需要自助书籍或治疗。相反,他们本能地守住自己的幸福,且通常比我们成年人做起来更为有成效。也许是时候向他们学习一些经验了。

41.【D】表达情绪

当一个孩子伤心时他会做什么呢?他会大哭。当他生气时呢?他会大叫。害怕时呢?大概两者都有那么一点。在我们成长过程中,我们会学着控制情绪,为的是使其易于控制而不会支配我们的行为,这在许多方面是好事情。但我们常常会将这一步做得太过,并最终压抑情绪,尤其是负面情绪。这样做的功效大致等同于将灰尘扫到地毯下,甚至会让我们患病。我们需要做的就是找到一种方式承认并适当地表达我们的感受,然后——再次像孩子一样——继续前行。

42.【F】容易满足

几年前的圣诞节,我最小的继女,那时九岁,得到了一件超人下恤作为圣诞礼物。这件下恤只花了不到五镑,但却令她极为高兴,她简直不能停止谈论它。我们常常认为一份新工作,一套更大的房子或一辆更好的车会是让我们最终得以满足的神奇良方,但真实情况是这些东西对我们的幸福水平产生的持久影响微乎其微。相反,每天因小事情充满感激这种提升幸福的方式要有效得多。

43.【A】犯点儿傻

你曾注意过孩子们是多么爱笑吗?如果我们成年人能够纵情于一点傻气和傻笑,则我们将会减少体内的压力激素,增加有益激素如内啡肽,提高心脏血流量,甚至提升防御传染病的可能。所有这一切当然会对我们的幸福水平具有积极的影响。

44.【B】玩得开心

作为成年人面对的问题是有太多严肃的事情需要处理——工作,按揭付款,计划晚餐该做什么。但作为成年人,我们也可以拥有“把控自己工作日程”这样的奢侈机会,且“适时安排以享受我们喜欢的事情”是非常重要的。那些事情可以是有关社交的、运动的、创意的或完全随机的(在客厅翩翩起舞,有人做过吗?)——这没关系,只要它们令人愉快,且不大可能有负面影响,如饮酒过度或在预算紧张情况下疯狂挥霍。

45.【E】别想太多

上面说了这么多,有必要补充说明的是,我们不应该过分追逐幸福。科学家告诉我们这可能适得其反并且实际上对我们的幸福有负面影响。正如中国哲学家庄子所言:“无为诚乐。”且在这一点上,我们需再次以孩子们为榜样,对他们来说,幸福不是目标而是其生活方式的自然额外收获。

干扰项翻译

【C】寻求帮助

【G】留意事物