Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)
Section III Translation
Directions :
We tend to think that friends and family members are our biggest sources of connection, laughter, and warmth, While that may well be true, researchers have also recently found that interacting with strangers actually brings a boost in mood and feelings of belonging that we didn't expect.
In one series of studies, researchers instructed Chicago-area commuters using public transportation to strike up a conversation with someone near them. On average. participants who followed this instruction felt better than those who had been told to stand or sit in silence. The researchers also argued that when we shy away from casual interactions with strangers, it is often due to a misplaced anxiety that they might not want to talk to us. Much of the time, however, this belief is false. As it turns out, many people are actually perfectly willing to talk——and may even be flattered to receive your attention.
【总体分析】:
来源:Why You Should Talk to Strangers。本文节选自《今日心理学》旗下网站 Psychology Today 2016年4月21日一篇题为 Why You Should Talk to Strangers 的文章。文中介绍了一项新的研究成果:与陌生人交流会带来好心情和归属感。因此研究者呼吁人们克服焦虑,大胆地与陌生人建立社交联系。
【全文翻译】:
我们往往认为,朋友和家人是联系、欢笑和温暖的最大来源。这很可能不错,但研究人员最近也发现,与陌生人交流其实也会带来情绪提升和归属感,这是我们原来没想到的。
在一项系列研究中,研究人员让芝加哥地区使用公共交通的通勤者与旁边的乘客攀谈。总体来说,遵从交谈指令的人的感觉要好于按要求默默站着或坐着的人。研究人员还提出,我们之所以回避与陌生人闲聊,常常是出于一种不必要的担心,以为他们可能不想跟我们说话。然而,这种想法很多时候是错的。事实表明,很多人其实非常乐意交谈,甚至还会因为得到你的关注而感到荣幸。
【长句解析】:
(1) While that may well be true, researchers have also recently found that interacting with strangers actually brings a boost in mood and feelings of belonging that we didn't expect.
这很可能不错,但研究人员最近也发现,与陌生人交流其实也会带来情绪提升和归属感,这是我们原来没想到的。
【解析】①while可以引导时间状语从句,表示“在……(过程)中,在……期间”;也可引导让步状语从句,表示“虽然:尽管”,含有对比意味,一般置于句首:还可以作为并列的连词,表示"而;然而”。而句中that所指代的常规看法“朋友和家人是我们获得情感归属、欢乐和温暖的最主要来源”与研究者的新发现“与陌生人交流其实也可以振奋心情、带来归属感"存在语义对比(通过 actually“实际上,事实上"亦能反映出常规看法与新发现之间的反差),故判断句中 while 应表让步转折关联,译为“虽然,尽管”②may well 语用功能为 used to say that there is a good reason for a reaction, question, or feeling“很有理由(作出某种反应、提出某个问题或产生某种情绪)”,此处用以强调人们的常规看法理据充分、错误的可能性低、正确的可能极高,可译为“很可能”,以突出程度。③a boost in mood 与后文的 feelings obelonging 并列,同时充当 bring 的宾语,因此不宜将aboostin mood译为动词短语“改善心情”:但若译为名词短语“心情的改善”,与后文的“归属感”不搭,且上下文语境强调主动与陌生人交谈所带来的意想不到的巨大好处,故可灵活地译为“情绪提升”,强化其褒义的感情色彩。④定语从句 that we didn'texpect的修饰对象及翻译处理:结合 tend to think、have also recently found 所反映出的新旧对比可知,新发现中a boost in mood,feelings of belonging分别对应常规看法中的 laughter/warmth,connection,换言之,“情绪提升、获得归属感”都是与陌生人交谈带来的意想不到的、有别于常规看法的积极影响,故整个定语从句修饰的是两个并列名词短语 a boost in mood and feelings of belonging,且该定语从句较短,可单独翻译,即“这是我们原来没想到的”。
(2) In one series of studies, researchers instructed Chicago-area commuters using public transportation to strike up a conversation with someone near them.
在一项系列研究中,研究人员让芝加哥地区使用公共交通的通勤者与旁边的乘客攀谈。
【解析】①instruct若简单地译为“指示”或“命令”,则语气过于生硬,可灵活译为“让……”。②现在分词 using public transportation 作 commuters 的后置定语,和前置定语 Chicago-area 一起限定此次研究对象的条件:-、在芝加哥地区;二、乘坐公共交通工具。故前置翻译,处理为偏正结构。③strike up aconversation在文中强调找个话头主动与陌生人闲聊,因此可译为“攀谈”,突出其聊天内容的随意性。
(3)On average, participants who followed this instruction felt better than those who had been told to stand or sit in silence.
总体来说,遵从交谈指令的人的感觉要好于按要求默默站着或坐着的人。
【解析】①tell 常见语义为“告知;告诉”,这里实质是前半句 instructed/instruction 的同义表达,故取其僻意“命令;指示;吩咐”更契合。同样,为了避免语气过于强硬,可弱化为“要求”。②两个 who 引导的定语从句分别限制两组实验对象的不同实验行为,其中第一个定语从句中 this instruction 回指前句“与身边人攀谈”这一实验要求,followed this instruction 即表示“遵从了这一指令”。第二个定语从句中含有被动语态 had beentold,可以直接顺译为“按要求”。两个定语从句都很简短,故可前置翻译为偏正结构,同时也可强调两组实验对象的行为对比:遵从“与旁人攀谈”这一指令的参与者 ws按要求默默站着或坐着的参与者。
(4) The researchers also argued that when we shy away from casual interactions with strangers, it is often due to a misplaced anxiety that they might not want to talk to us.
研究人员还提出,我们之所以回避与陌生人闲聊,常常是出于一种不必要的担心,以为他们可能不想跟我们说话。
【解析】①misplaced 原意是“不合时宜的;给错对象的”,上下文语境强调人们对于陌生人交流的担忧只是一种主观臆测,没有得到研究证实,甚至与研究结果截然相反。由此可知,这种担心是多余的、不必要的,故可灵活地译为“不必要的”。②when 引导时间状语从句,本译作“当……的时候”,而根据其后主句 it is often due to(其中 it指代 when 从句所述情境)可知句子更意在解释说明从句所示情况出现的原因,故可将看似表时间的 when从句处理为更契合语境的因果句:之所以……是因为……。③shy 常用作形容词,表示“羞怯的;腼腆的”,用作动词通常和 away from 搭配,表示“(因缺乏信心、担心或紧张而)回避,避开”,结合后文 anxiety可知这里传递的是一种因害怕/担忧/忧虑而避开与陌生人聊天的心理,故可处理为“回避……”。④that引导的同位语从句点明 anxiety的具体所指:担心别人可能不想与我们交流。将其放在被修饰词前面,以“这一,这种”等词相连未为不可,但整体显得失衡。故可将其置于被修饰词之后,并以逗号隔开,从而使译文更加平衡、顺畅。