Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)
Part C
Directions :
Following the explosion of creativity in Florence during the 14th century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known. It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the 17th century, with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition. (46) With the Church's teachings and ways of thinking being eclipsed by the Renaissance, the gap between the Medieval and modern periods had been bridged, leading to new and unexplored intellectual territories.
During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery. (47) Before each of their revelations, many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking, including the geocentric view that the Earth was at the centre of our universe. Copernicus theorized in 1543 that all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense. Offering up such a theory during a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy, and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death.
(49) As many took on the duty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.
The Church's long-standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe during most of the 17th century. (49) As many took on the duty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era——the Age of Reason.
The 17th and 18th centuries were times of radical change and curiosity. Scientific method, reductionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress. (50) Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase “ sapere aude” or “ dare to know”, after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay “ An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?". It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.
【总体分析】：
本文节选目Age of Enlightenment： Discover the Philosophical Movement that Triggered Innovation， Revolution and Change 一书。选文共五段，讲述文艺复兴时期（发生于启蒙运动之前）的重大历史影响。
参考答案
随着教会的教义和思维模式因文艺复兴而暗淡无光，中世纪和现代两个历史时期之间架起了桥梁，进而通向了崭新和未探索过的知识领域。
解析
【解析】①with 复合结构的翻译：首先，将句中表伴随的 with 复合结构还原成 when/while/as 等时间状语从句译出；接着，根据该部分意在说明文艺复兴运动对教会的教义和思维模式的影响判断 eclipse取“使……暗淡无光”之义；随后可借汉语中表被动义的词语（如“遭”“受”“被”“由”“因……而……”“为……所……”）将 being eclipsed by the Renaissance 译为“因文艺复兴而暗淡无光”。②非谓语结构leading to...强调结果“导致/造成……”，其中 new...territories“新领域”传递“从无到有”之意，可借中文因果关联词“进而”整体译为“进而通向了……新领域”。③主干 the gap...has been bridged 源于bridge the gap/gulf/divide between A and B“消除 AB间的隔阂/鸿沟/分歧”，其后虽未出现“by+施动者”，但根据 with结构与主干暗含因果关联，可知其后实际隐藏 by it（it指代 with 引出的内容），且鉴于汉语中少被动态多主动态，故可将其译为“……架起了桥梁”。
参考答案
在他们的每项发现之前，当时的许多思想家一直沿袭着更加古老的思维模式，其中包括认为地球处于宇宙中心的地心说。
解析
【解析】①时间状语的处理：首先将代词还原，即 their revelations 还原为 revelations of the great minds，指向那些伟人所揭示的科学发现，译为“在他们的每项发现之前”。②including结构可根据汉语语序直接处理为“包含……”，其中同位语从句由于较为简洁，可将其放在所说明的名词前面，作前置修饰语，并添加汉语中定语标志词“的”，即最终处理为“其中包括认为地球处于字宙中心的地心说”。
参考答案
尽管教会屡屡打压这些新一代的逻辑学家和理性主义者，但关于宇宙运行原理的阐释还是不断涌现，其速度让世人再也无法视而不见。
解析
【解析】①让步结构中嵌套“by+施动者”以及动词不定式，处理起来看似比较费劲，实际只要按照汉语语序处理为主谓宾结构即可，即将 attempts by the Church to...处理为“教会屡屡（试图）……”。②explanations for 的宾语从句 how the universe functioned 较为简短，故而可直接按照汉语语序翻译，即“对/有关宇宙如何运转/字宙运行原理的阐释/注释/解释”；rate 的定语从句 that the people could nolonger ignore 也较为简短，可处理为“的”字结构，即“人们再也无法忽视的速度”，也可根据句子意在突出速度之快，而拆分处理为另一个小句“其速度让世人再也无法视而不见”。
参考答案
当很多人承担起试图将理性思维和科学思想融入大千世界这一责任时，文艺复兴即告结束，新的时代从此开启。
解析
【解析】①As时间状语从句可直译为“随着/当……时”，主干中 was over（……结束了）实际与it was time for...（字面义“到……时间了”）相对应，再结合 and 暗藏的先后、因果逻辑，可将二者整体译为“……即告结束，……从此开启”。②the duty 后面的 of… 定语通常可译为“的”字结构，内含固定搭配 try to sth“试图做某事”和 integrate A into B“将 A融入 B”，整个名词短语可译为“试图将A融入B的责任”。
参考答案
拉丁语短语“sapere aude”即“敢于求知”准确地概括了这类寻求知识和理解已知信息的行为。
解析
【解析】①Such actions后跟不定式短语作后置定语，可译为“……的行为”，其中 understand 的宾语从句 what information we already knew 相当于 the information that we already know，整体可译为“理解已知信息”。②被动语态通常转译为主动语态，故译为“拉丁语短语准确地概括了……的行为”。
【全文翻译】：
继 14世纪文艺复兴时期佛罗伦萨创造力大爆发之后，近现代社会见证了其对传统已有认知的背离。它不再关注上帝和罗马天主教权威，转而追捧一种更具人文主义的生存态度。直到 17 世纪，文艺复兴思想传遍整个欧洲，艺术和科学在那些更具逻辑特质的人群中发展得异常活跃。（46）随着教会的教义和思维模式因文艺复兴而暗淡无光，中世纪和现代两个历史时期之间架起了桥梁，进而通向了崭新和未探索过的知识领域。
文艺复兴时期，尼古拉·哥白尼、约翰尼斯·开普勒和伽利略·伽利雷这些伟人向我们展示了科学研究和发现的力量。（47）在他们的每项发现之前，当时的许多思想家一直沿袭着更加古老的思维模式。其中包括认为地球处于宇宙中心的地心说。1543年，哥白尼提出一个理论，称我们所知的所有行星都不是围绕地球旋转，而是围绕太阳旋转，伽利略后来为支持这一理论体系付出了极大代价。在一个科学家与宗教人物水火不相容的年代提出这么一个理论被视为信奉异教，任何继续散播这些“谎言”的异端分子都将被监禁甚至处以死刑。
（48）尽管教会屡屡打压这些新一代的逻辑学家和理性主义者，但关于宇宙运行原理的阐释还是不断其速度让世人再也无法视而不见。正是由于这些伟大发现，一种建立在理性基础之上的新哲学诞生了。
在这场为真理而战的伟大斗争中，存在已久的教会教条输给了理性主义者和科学家。这一事实体现了于17世纪大部分时间里席卷欧洲的新思维方式。（49）当很多人承担起试图将理性思维和科学思想融入大千世界这一责任时，文艺复兴即告结束，新的时代——理性时代——从此开启。
17、18世纪是激进变革、求知若渴的时代：鼓励科学方法、还原论以及对教会理念的质疑，推崇自由。宽容及进步的思想。（50）拉丁语短语“sapere aude”即“敢于求知”准确地概括了这类寻求知识和理解已知信息的行为，此前伊曼纽尔·康德在其论文《答“何谓启蒙”之问题》中使用了这个词。对真理的求索是伟人的目的和责任，他们相信真理建立在知识之上。