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There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint. Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate.“Sometime in the future," the paper's publisher said back in 2010.

Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside, there's plenty of incentive to ditch print. The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper——printing presses, delivery trucks——isn't just expensive, it's excessive at a time when online-only competitors don't have the same set of financial constraints. Readers are migrating away from print anyway. And though print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts, revenue from print is still declining.

Overhead may be high and circulation lower, but rushing to eliminate its print edition would be a mistake, says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.

Peretti says the Times shouldn't waste time getting out of the print business, but only if they go about doing it the right way.“Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for them," he said,“ but if you discontinue it, you're going to have your most loyal customers really upset with you.”

Sometimes that's worth making a change anyway. Peretti gives the example of Netflix discontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming.“It was seen as a blunder," he said. The move turned out to be foresighted. And if Peretti were in charge at the Times? “I wouldn't pick a year to end print," he said.“I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product.”

The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor, the idea goes, and they'd feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in.“So if you're overpaying for print, you could feel like you were helping,” Peretti said.

Then increase it at a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue.” In other words, if you're going to make a print product, make it for the people who are already obsessed with it. Which may be what the Times is doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly $500 a year——more than twice as much as a digital-only subscription.

It's a really hard thing to do and it's a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn't have a legacy business,” Peretti remarked, “But we're going to have questions like that where we have things we're doing that don't make sense when the market changes and the world changes. In those situations, it's better to be more aggressive than less aggressive.”


【总体分析】:

来源:The Atlantic《大西洋月刊》2015.03.26。文章主要介绍了网络媒体代表 BuzzFeed公司 CEO对“《纽约时报》拟停发纸质版”的不赞同态度及其建议。脉络:介绍《纽约时报》拟停发纸质版的背景及原因(第一、二段)——Buzzfeed 总裁对此举的态度及建议(第三至七段)。

  1. The New York Times is considering ending its print edition partly due to

    《纽约时报》考虑停止其印刷版本在一定程度上是因为 ________。

    解析

    【锁定答案】第二段解释“报纸业欲放弃纸质版”的原因。②句指出,与只做线上业务的竞争对手相比,实体报纸需承担过高的生产成本(expensive/excessive),即“运营成本过高”,【D】正确。

    【排除干扰】【A】从段末“纸质版总收入一直在下滑”过度推出“《纽约时报》认为未来在线广告更有利可图,故早晚要放弃纸质版”。【B】从首段 the paper'spublisher 及其说辞臆断而来,但文中并未涉及“投资人”。【C】把③句人们的倾向性“抛弃纸质报纸(migrating away from print)”偷换为“读者对《纽约时报》不满(complaints)”。

    【提炼思路】因果细节题必须找准因果关键词。由第二段①句 incentive推知本段就上文展开原因说明。②句 expensive/excessive,financial constraints及④句 revenue...declining 与纸质报纸直接相关:成本太高,拉低总收入;其余项聚焦投资人、读者、在线广告销量,偏离靶心。


  2. Peretti suggests that, in face of the present situation, the Times should

    Peretti 指出,针对目前的形势《纽约时报》应该________。

    解析

    【锁定答案】第四段①句概述 Peretti 观点:《纽约时报》应该用对的办法来做此事(doing it the rightway);②句明确正确做法:不应废弃报纸,而应加速转型(accelerate that transition),【A】正确。

    【排除干扰】【B】与第三段“匆匆取消纸质版将是个错误(a mistake)”相悖。【C】由第四段②句“停发纸质版会令读者失望(customers really upset)”臆断出“应争取新的读者资源”。【D】将②句“加速转型”偷换为“高效管理(efficient management)”

    【提炼思路】观点题首先要准确定位,而后梳理人物观点。第三段初步表示了 Peretti 对《纽约时报》拟采取措施的不认同,第四段具化其看法;strategic adjustments 意为“对纸质版、线上版的定位、比重等进行调整”,与 transition 内涵吻合。


  3. It can be inferred from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that alegacy product

    从第五、六段可以推知“文化遗产型产品”________。

    解析

    【锁定答案】第六段④句明确 Perett 提议:应专门针对迷恋印刷产品的客户生产纸质版,使其成为“文化遗产型产品”, the most loyal customers 同义替换 the people who are already obsessed with it,【B】 正确。

    【排除干扰】【A】将第六段①句“客户愿购买 legacy product 的心理(sustain the quality of sth theybelieve in)”曲解为 legacy product 本身的效力,同时 sustain(维持)≠restore(恢复)。【C】由上文“纸质版成本过高”臆断出“Peretti 的建议能降低印刷成本”。【D】与原文“报纸(不面向大众,而是)面向一部分最忠实的客户”相悖。

    【提炼思路】事实细节题要借助关键词厘清句意关系,找准关键信息。由题干 legacy product 进行定位可知,第五段末句 Peretti 提出这一概念,第六段具体说明概念(the idea goes):前三句初步解释,“文化遗产型产品”利用忠实客户的心理,逐年提价,获额外收益;第四句in other words 精炼概括该概念:面向最忠实的客户生产报纸。


  4. Peretti believes that, in a changing world,

    Peretti相信,在这个日益变化的世界中,________。

    解析

    【锁定答案】第七段②③句介绍 Peretti 观点:市场和世界发生变化时,难免会遇到问题,这时“更加激进、勇敢(more aggressive)”比“保守行事”要好,也即应大胆迎接挑战,【C】正确。

    【排除干扰】【A】从第七段①句中 luxury 臆断而来,但该词取意“不常有/难得的优势”,用以说明新时代新闻媒体 BuzzFeed(只有在线业务)不存在《纽约时报》的问题;且段末暗示即使是 BuzzFeed,都面临世界变化带来的挑战。【B】与第七段末句“应该更加勇往直前”相悖。【D】与 Peretti对《纽约时报》的建议“将报纸变成‘文化遗产型产品’”相悖。

    【提炼思路】观点题可先利用人物的基本观点对选项进行过滤,再结合细节内容来确定正确项。首先排除【A】(与 Peretti 强调的“转型、改变”相悖)、【D】(与 Peretti 总体建议相悖),【B】和【C】都符合逻辑但前者“保守”,后者“激进”,再结合原文敲定答案。


  5. Which of the following would be the best title of the text?

    下面哪项最适合作为本文的标题?

    解析

    【锁定答案】前两段铺设《纽约时报》考虑放弃纸质版的背景及原因,第三至七段介绍 Peretti 对这一考虑的看法及建议:第三段明确其态度“这种做法不明智”;第四、五段提出建议“对纸质报纸提价,打造成为“文化遗产型产品”;第六段说明产品定位“专为痴迷于报纸的人而作”,末段重申并总结其看法,可见全文通过展示 Peretti观点说明对传统报纸行业的一种建议:让纸质报纸成为一种“少数最忠实的顾客乐在其中”的昂贵商品,【D】正确。

    【排除干扰】【A】“呼吁(放弃纸质版而)转向在线报纸”与原文“不放弃纸质版,而是把它做成面向少数顾客的奢侈品”相悖。【B】体现的怀旧之情与原文“探讨传统大报在新时代的出路”的基调不符。【C】遗漏了重点信息“Print(印刷的)”且偏离“纸质版是去是留”这一主要问题。

    【提炼思路】标题题需明确全文论述对象及感情基调。本题四个选项虽都包含 Newspaper,但【C】将纸质版和在线版混为一谈,缺乏针对性;而【A】和【D】感情基调分别为“鄙弃纸质报纸”“惋惜纸质报纸的消亡”,与原文“迎接挑战,加速纸质报纸转型”的基调不符。只有【B】能概括全文且符合全文感情基调。


【全文翻译】:

终有一天《纽约时报》将停止在新闻用纸上发表新闻报道。至于究竟是哪天则存在争议。“未来的某一天”,报纸出版商 2010 年时曾这样说过。

撇开对纸上油墨和纸页(翻动时发出的)沙沙声的怀旧之情不谈,有充足的原因促使人们放弃印刷品。需要制作实体报纸的基础设施——印刷机、运货车——不光是贵;在一个只做线上内容的竞争对手们不存在同样一系列财务约束的年代,这一套设施的代价过高。而且读者们正从印刷品当中转移出来。尽管印刷品广告销量高出同类的在线和移动广告,但来自印刷品的总收入仍然在下滑。

虽然间接成本可能很高而发行量很低,但急着摆脱纸质版本将会是个错误,BuzFeed 的 CEO 约拿•佩雷迪说道。

佩雷迪说,《纽约时报》不应该把时间浪费在摆脱纸质版业务上,除非他们以对的方式来做这件事“对他们来说,想办法去加快转型是明智之举”,他说,“但是如果你终止它,就会让最忠诚的顾客对你极其失望。”

无论如何,作出一个改变有时是值得的。佩雷迪举出 Netflix“终止其 DVD 邮寄业务,而把重心放在流媒体业务上”的例子。“看上去像是个错误,”他说。这一举措最后证明是有远见的。如果佩雷迪是《纽约时报》的负责人会怎样?“我不会选择某一年去终止印刷版,”他说,“我会提高价格,使之更多成为一种文化遗产型产品。”

这一想法是:最忠诚的顾客仍然会购买他们青睐的产品,他们觉得是在帮助维持自己所信仰的内容的品质。“因此如果你为印刷品多付了钱,你可能会觉得自己是在做有益的事,”佩雷迪说道。“那么就对纸质报纸每年加价,实质上是努力创造额外收入。”换句话说,如果你将要生产一种印刷产品,那么专为那些已经沉迷于此的人准备吧。也许《纽约时报》已经在这么做了。购买一周 7 天的印刷版一年需要500美元——比仅限于电子版的征订费多一倍以上。

“这是件相当困难的事,BuzzFeed没有文化遗产型业务是个极大的奢侈”,佩雷迪评论道。“不过如果在市场发生变化,世界改变的情况下,我们做事不明智的话,我们也会遇到相同的问题。在那种情况下,多些冲劲儿比少些更好。”