Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions :

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)


Text 1

What would you do with $ 590m? This is now a question for Gloria MacKenzie, an 84-year-old widow who recently emerged from her small, tin-roofed house in Florida to collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in history. If she hopes her new-found fortune will yield lasting feelings of fulfillment, she could do worse than read Happy Money by Elizabeth Dunn and Michael Norton.

These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive. Fantasies of great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes. Yet satisfaction with these material purchases wears off fairly quickly. What was once exciting and new becomes old-hat; regret creeps in. It is far better to spend money on experiences, say Ms Dunn and Mr Norton, like interesting trips, unique meals or even going to the cinema. These purchases often become more valuable with time——as stories or memories——particularly if they involve feeling more connected to others.

This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery winners get the mosthappiness bang for your buck.” It seems most people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work, spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television (something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing, and is hardly jollier for it). Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself, and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly, This is apparently the reason McDonald's restricts the availability of its popular McRib——a marketing trick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object of obsession.

Readers of Happy Money are clearly a privileged lot, anxious about fulfillment, not hunger. Money may not quite buy happiness, but people in wealthier countries are generally happier than those in poor ones. Yet the link between feeling good and spending money on others can be seen among rich and poor people around the world, and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people. Not everyone will agree with the authors' policy ideas, which range from mandating more holiday time to reducing tax incentives for American homebuyers. But most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent.


【总体分析】:

来源:The Economist《经济学人》2013.06.22。文章为《快乐金钱》的书评,该书围绕“如何使用手中财富才能获得最大的快乐”提出建议,作者对此予以认同。全文脉络:引出评价书作(第一段)——介绍书中内容(第二、三段)——集中进行评价(第四段)。

  1. According to Dunn and Norton, which of the following is the most rewarding purchase?

    在杜恩与诺顿看来,下列哪种购得品最有意义?

    解析

    【锁定答案】第二段阐述了杜恩与诺顿对“最值得购买之物”的看法:不是炫车豪宅等物质产品,而是诸如有趣旅行、独特餐食、看电影等美好的体验。可见,【B】正确。

    【排除干扰】【A】【C】属于“人们直觉上认为的”而非“杜恩与诺顿认为的”最有意义的花钱方式。【D】似是而非,将关键性体验表达词 unique 窜改为物质关联词 rich。

    【提炼思路】多种观点集结处常为命题点,解题需先分辨观点,后将选项与观点比对。本题考查杜恩和诺顿看法,通过观点表达词 say Ms Dunn and Mr Norton 可先定位至⑤句,尔后锁定其观点中的关键信息 experiences 及具体实例 like interesting trips, unique meals or even going to the cinema; 并借experiences发现与之相对的观点实为③句中 these material purchases(回指②句 fancy cars andextravagant homes),最后将选项与实例一一比对发现唯有【B】最为贴合(【D】中核心关键词 rich 明显与③句中 material 挂钩)。


  2. The author's attitude toward Americans' watching TV is ________.

    作者对“美国人看电视”的态度是__________。

    解析

    【锁定答案】第三段②句指出,人们若能少看电视,则会更加幸福;括号内补充,美国人年均有两个月的时间在看电视,却并未因此更快乐。可见作者对美国人花长时间看电视的行为持批评态度,【A】正确。

    【排除干扰】【B】因②句 would be better off 望文生义,却颠倒比较对象。【C】由括号内 is hardly jollier for it曲解出作者怀有同情之意,而作者实际在传递批评之情“花巨长的时间看电视却并未收获更多的快乐”。【D】利用常识“看电视有利有弊”设障,却并非作者的观点。

    【提炼思路】抓取情感色彩表达词是解答作者观点态度题的关键。would be better off ... spend ... less of it (= time) watching television (... , whopping ... hardly jollier for it (=watching television))明确传递出作者对美国人看电视的批评之意。


  3. McRib is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to show that ________.

    第三段提及 McRib 是为了表明_________。

    解析

    【锁定答案】第三段末句指出,麦当劳靠饥饿营销使 McRib 成了令人痴迷之物。其上文指出“有节制地消费奢侈品才能带来最大的快乐”。联系两句可知:文中提及 McRib 是为了证明“稀缺能提升愉悦感;物品一旦唾手可得,则不再令人为之着迷”,【D】正确。

    【排除干扰】【A】将人之常情“因某物得来不易而愈加愉悦”偷换为“不理智行为”。【B】将 McRib 大受欢迎的原因由“饥饿营销策略”偷换为“质量优良”。【C】将例子事实本身当作例子服务的目的。

    【提炼思路】实例目的题的解题原则为“例子(论据)为论点服务”,故解答需结合上下文找寻观点(判断句或观点表达词所在句等)。本题 McRib 位于段末句,故往前追溯原文发现③句实为判断句(Ais/areB),并据 McRib 的限量销售(restricts the availability)不难锁定在③句第二分句 and 后内容 luxuries aremost enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly,由此敲定【D】。


  4. According to the last paragraph, Happy Money ________.

    根据最后一段可知,《快乐金钱》一书 _________。

    解析

    【锁定答案】文章末句指出,大部分人读完此书后都会认为,它非常值得购买,故【B】正确。

    【排除干扰】【A】将④句“并非所有人都会赞同书中的某些政策理论”夸大为“此书给读者留下了很多批评空间”,且选项与作者总体上对该书的赞同态度不符。【C】根据首三句碎片信息a privileged lot、wealthier countries/poor ones、rich and poor people 捏造而来,但它们分别指“此书的读者群是个幸运的群体”、“富国的人民常比穷国的人民幸福”、“穷人和富人都认为给别人花钱感觉更好”,意在说明“钱与快乐的关联”而非“美国的收人差距”。【D】将首,末句所暗藏之意“该书能帮助读者在花钱中获取最大的满足感”窜改为“该书能给读者带来成就感”。

    【提炼思路】本题以“事实细节”考查“作者观点”,可结合“选项定位”及“意群关联(转折即语义重点)”来解题。首先,将四个选项分别定位至④句、⑤句、②③句及①⑤句并一一对比原文可初步锁定【B】;其次,段中借由多个转折结构 may not ... but ... 、Yet ... 、Not everyone ... 、But ... 环环相接,最后于末句将文意推向高潮“多数人阅读后会发现此书非常值得购买”,由此敲定【B】。


  5. This text mainly discusses how to ________.

    本文主要讨论如何________。

    解析

    【锁定答案】本文对《快乐金钱》一书进行评价:第一段引出书评对象,第二、三段介绍书中内容:《快乐金钱》以“如何使用手中财富才能带来长久的快乐”为主题,向人们提出多项建议。末段作者发表自己就“金钱——快乐”关系的看法,表示对该书的总体认同。可见【C】是对本文主旨的恰当概括。

    【排除干扰】【A】将文章关注点“如何花钱才能获得最大的幸福感”改为“如何平衡幸福和消费”。【B】将文章切人点“巨额彩票奖金”当作文章关注点。【D】只是书中的众多建议之一,无力概括全篇。

    【提炼思路】文章主旨题可采取“主题复现法”来解答。文中通过关键词 lasting feelings of fulfilment / satisfaction / happiness / be better off / pleasure / feeling good 的复现凸显文章主旨,正确项【C】体现了文章关注对象 lasting satisfaction 和 money,并恰当地反映出文章的着眼点(如何花钱才能获得最大的幸福感)。


【全文翻译】:

假若有5.9亿美元,你会怎么办?这是如今摆在歌莉娅·麦肯齐面前的问题。她是一位 84 岁的寡居老人,住在佛罗里达一间狭窄的铁皮屋里,最近因独揽史上最高金额的彩票头奖并前去领取而为人所关注。如果她希望这笔新到手的财富能够产生长久的满足感,倒不妨读读伊丽莎白·杜恩与迈克·诺顿合著的《快乐金钱》。

这两位学者运用一系列的行为研究来说明,最有意义的花钱方式可能是与直觉相反的。对于巨额财富的幻想通常会伴随着对炫车豪宅的憧憬。然而,这些物质购买行为所带来的满足感会消失殆尽得相当快。曾经令人兴奋又新奇的东西变得陈旧过时,懊悔悄然而至。远不如将钱花在“体验”上,杜恩女士和诺顿先生说道,比如说有趣的旅行、独特的餐食、甚至是去看电影。随着时间的流逝,这些体验通常会变得更加珍贵——以记忆或故事的形式——尤其是当它们让人感觉到自己与他人的联系更紧密时。

这本薄薄的书卷中写满了建议,既帮助彩票赢家,也帮助薪奴“从财富中获取最大的快乐”。似乎大部分人都能通过缩短通勤时间,多陪家人朋友,少看电视(美国人年均竟然有多达两个月的时间在看电视,却并没有因此更快乐)过得更好。给他人买礼物或捐款给慈善机构通常比给自己买东西更令人愉悦,有节制地消费奢侈品才能带来最大的快乐。显然这正是麦当劳限量供应大受欢迎的烤汁猪排堡的原因所在——这一营销手段已将这种猪肉三明治变成了令人痴迷之物。

《快乐金钱》的读者显然属于一个幸运的群体,他们渴望获得满足感,而不是担心挨饿。金钱或许不能真正买到幸福,但富裕国家的人们总体上比贫穷国家的人们更幸福。然而,在全世界范围内,无论是在穷人还是富人中,都可以看到“将钱用到别人身上”和“感觉很好”的联系,且对大部分人来讲,稀缺性提升了大部分事物的带来的愉悦感。并非所有人都会赞同作者从“增加假日时间”到“降低对美国购房者的税收刺激”等政策理念。但大部分人读完此书后都会认为,它非常值得购买。