【总体分析】：

Part B

Directions :

• 41.

  B.

  Two centuries ago, the idea of preserving nature, rather than exploiting it, was a novel one to. many U.S.. settlers. One of the turning points in public support for land conservation efforts-and recognizing the magnificence of the Yellowstone region in particular-came in the form of vivid photographs.

  两个世纪前，保护自然而非开发自然的想法，对于许多美国定居者来说前所未闻。公众开始支持土地保护工作————尤其是开始认识到黄石地区的雄奇壮丽————的转折点之一便是（看到了）生动逼真的（自然风光）照片。

  解析

  本篇文章未提供首段，但提供了三个已知段落，可以优先查找首段，首先要明确在句首包含转折、指代等信息的段落是不可以做首段的，符合要求的只有B段，且在B段句末提到 Yellowstone 以及对它的保护来自 photographs，而在己知段落 A 段落中也提及了相关信息，因此可以确定文章首段为B段落。

• A.

  Last year marked the 150th anniversary of a series of Yellowstone photographs by the r1enowned landscape photographer William Henry Jackson. He captured the first-ever shots of iconic landmarks such as the Tetons, Old Faithful and the Colorado Rockies. Jackson snapped them on a late 19th-century expedition through the Yellowstone Basin that was conducted by the · head of the U. S. Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories, Ferdinand V. Hayden. The team included a meteorologist, a zoologist, a mineralogist, and an agricultural statistician.

  去年是著名风景摄影师威廉·亨利·杰克逊所拍摄的黄石系列照片的 150 周年纪念。在 19世纪末的一次穿越黄石河流域的考察中，杰克逊拍摄了提顿山脉、老忠实间歇泉和科罗拉多落基山脉等标志性地标的首组照片。这次考察活动由美国领土地质和地理调查局局长费迪南德·V. 海登组织带领，团队成员包括一名气象学家、一名动物学家、一名矿物学家和一名农业统计学家。

• 42.

  F.

  Though Native Americans ( and later miners and fur trappers) had long recognized the area's riches, most Americans did not. That's why Hayden's expedition aimed to produce a fuller understanding of the Yellowstone River region, from its hot springs and waterfalls to its variety of flora and fauna. In addition to the entourage of scientists, the team also included artists: Painter Thomas Moran and photographer William Henry Jackson were charged with capturing this astounding natural beauty and sharing it with the world.

  尽管美洲原住民（以及后来的矿工和毛皮猎人）早已认识到该地区的丰富资源，但大多数美国人并不了解。这就是海登开展此次考察的原因，其目的在于，让人们对黄石河地区- 从该地的温泉和瀑布，到各种各样的动植物————有一个更全面的认知。除了随行的科学家外，该团队还包括艺术家们：画家托马斯·莫兰和摄影师杰克逊负责捕捉这震撼人心的自然美景，并与全世界分享。

  解析

  在B段捉及 recognizing the magnificence of the Yellowstone region，而F段据及Though Native Americans （and later miners and fur trappers） had long recognized the area's riches， most Americans did not 首后话西相关，应该在B段落之后。且 That's why Hayden's expedition aimed 1o 属于原因分析，从文章篇幸布局伯度分析，分析原因的段落一般排在较前位置。且A段提及做调查的 team 包含哪些成员，下段落捉到 the team also inclnded， 说明 ABF 三段向关系妆切，且F应在A段之后。

• E.

  The journey officially began in Ogden, Utah on June 8, 1871. Over nearly four months, dozens of men made their way on horseback into Montana and traversed along the Yellowstone River and around Yellowstone Lake. That fall, they concluded the survey in Fort Bridger, Wyoming.

  1871年6月8日，这趟旅程在犹他州的奥格登正式拉开帷幕。在近四个月的时间里，数十人骑马进入蒙大拿州，沿着黄石河、环绕黄石湖穿行。那年秋天，他们在怀俄明州的布里奇堡结束了勘察活动。

• 43.

  D.

  Throughout the trip, Jackson juggled multiple cameras and plate sizes using the "collodion process" that required him to coat the plates with a chemical mixture, then expose them and develop the resulting images with a portable darkroom. The crude technique required educated guesses on exposure times, and involved heavy, awkward equipment several men had to assist in its transportation. Despite these challenges, Jackson captured dozens of striking photos, ranging from majestic images like his now-famous snapshotof Old Faithful, to casual portraits of expedition members at the camp. While veterans of previous expeditions wrote at length about stunning trail sights, these vivid photographs were another thing entirely.

  整个旅途中，杰克逊使用“火棉胶摄影法”同时操作多台相机和各种尺寸的底版，这需要他先在底版上涂抹一层化学混合物，然后对其进行曝光，最后用便携式暗房冲洗得到图像。这种粗陋的摄影技术需要（摄影师）基于以往经验估算曝光时间，并要用到笨重且难操作的设备————几个人必须协同运输尽管有重重挑战，杰克逊还是拍摄了数十张引人注目的照片，既有壮丽的风景照（像如今广为人知的“老忠实间歇泉”的快照】，也有考察队成员在营地的休闲照。虽然以往考察队的老队员们用详实的文字记录了令人惊叹的黄石风光，但是这些生动逼真的照片（所带给人的感触）完全不同

  解析

  D选项提及 trough the trip，而己知段落E段句首就说 the journey oficially began...，说明两段话题一致，且旅程先开始，然后才是旅途中发生的事情，所以口段应在E段之后。且己知段落日段提到 the images provided...（这些图画提供了…），而D段段末有提及Jacksoncaptured dozens of striking photos， ranging from majestic images like.，对images 做了具体说明，所以互段的 the images 就是口段的指代信息，可以确定口段应在E段和五段之间。

• H.

  Perhaps most importantly, the images provided documentary evidence that later made its way to government officials. Weeks after completing the expedition, Hayden collected his team's observations into an extensive report aimed at convincing Senators and Representatives, along with colleagues at government agencies like the Department of the Interior that Yellowstone ought to be preserved.

  也许最为重要的是，这些照片成为了（黄石景观的）实证，后来被成功地递交给了政府官员。考察结束几周后。海登将团队的观察结果汇总成一份详尽的报告，旨在说服参议员和众议员，以及内政部等政府机构的同事：黄石地区应该得到保护。

• 44.

  C.

  As an effective Washington operator, Hayden sensed that he could capitalize on the expedition's sturning visuals. He asked Jackson to print out large copies and distributed them, along with reproductions of Moran's paintings, to each member of Congress."The visualization, particularly those photographs, really hit home that this is something that has to be protected," says Murphy.

  作为一名精明强干的华盛顿干才，海登意识到他可以充分利用考察途中收集到的令人惊叹的视觉材料。他让杰克逊冲印了大量的照片副本，连同莫兰画作的摹本一起，分发给每一位国会议员。黄石公园历史学家艾丽西娅·墨菲说：“这样的可视化手段，尤其是那些照片，让人们深刻认识到黄石地区必须要得到保护。”

  解析

  H段中提到 the images provided documentary evidence that later made its way togovernment officials， 涉及政府官员，C和D段都有涉及 Congress， 但日段段末说到Hayden收集所观察的信息提出报告，其目的是说服senators（参议员）和representatives（众议员）们认为 Yellowstone 应该得到保护，而C段落段末 Murphy 说到 “really hit home that this is something that has to be protected”，与豆段段末信息关系更为密切，互段之后应为C段。

• 45.

  G.

  The bill proved largely popular and sailed through Congress with large majorities in favor. In quick succession, the Senate and House passed legislation protecting Yellowstone in early 1872. That March, President Ulysses S. Grant signed an act into law that established Yellowstone as the world's first national park. Soon, some locals opposed the designation. Still, the decision was largely accepted--and Jackson's photos played a key role in the fight to protect the area. "I don't believe that the legal protection would have happened in the timeframe that it did without those images," says Hansen, journalist and author of Prophets and Moguls, Rangers and Rogues, Bison and Bears: 100 Years of the National Park Service.

  事实证明，（黄石地区保护）法案大受欢迎，并以绝对多数票顺利通过了国会表决。1872 年初参议院和众议院接连通过了保护黄石地区的立法。同年三月，尤利西斯·S.格兰特总统签署通过了一项法案，将黄石地区确立为世界上第一个国家公园。虽然一些当地人反对这一指定，但该决定总体上还是为大众所接受一一杰克逊的照片在这场黄石保护之战中发挥了关键作用。“我觉得要是没有这些照片，法律保护就不会在这时候产生了。”记者兼《倡导者与大亨、护园人与流氓、野牛与熊：国家公园管理局的 100年》一书的作者希瑟·汉森如是说。

  解析

  G 段溶提及国会通过法案，先认同然后才能通过，可知应在C段落之后，且G段第二句说到 In quick succession. the Senate and Fouse passed legislation protecting Yellowstone in early 1872，即最终通过立法认同要保护 Yellowstone。