Section I Use of English

Directions :

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A.B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)


Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will .

In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students' willingness to themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one , each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would an electric shock when clicked.

Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified; another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified. left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would . Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.

The drive to is deeply rooted in humans, much the same as the basic drives for or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct —— it can new scientific advances, for instance —— but sometimes such can backfire. The insight that curiosity can drive you to do things is a profound one.

Unhealthy curiosity is possible to , however. In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to to see such an image. These results suggest that imagining the of following through on one's curiosity ahead of time can help determine it is worth the endeavor. “Thinking about long-term is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity,” Hsee says. In other words, don't read online comments.


【总体分析】:

来源:Scientific American《科学美国人》2016.07.01。文章围绕一项有关“人类好奇心”的新研究展开,借研究内容及结论表明看法:好奇心这一本能未必有益。

  1. 解析

    The new research reveals that...表明③句是对空格句(②句)研究结论的进一步阐释,故③句 the need to know 应复现②句 an inherent need to ________ uncertainty,而 to know(去了解、弄清情况)意即“去除不确定性”,【C】正确。


  2. 解析

    so...that引导结果状语从句,故文意只能是“如此之强烈,以致于会想方设法去满足好奇心”,seek to do sth(=try to do sth)指“试图、设法做某事”,【A】正确。


  3. 解析

    让步逻辑词 even(尽管)提示空格部分应表示“答案会产生负面影响”,再辅以首句关键词 negative、painful可进一步明确此处意为“就算结果令人不快”,【B】正确。


  4. 解析

    空格句承上引出实验测试内容:学生是否愿意为了满足好奇心而________自己……负面刺激:测试内容一定与首句实验结论统一,因此只能表达“让自己受到、经历”的语义,expose sb/sth/oneselfto sth 表示“使某人/某事面临、遭受危险或不快”,【A】正确。


  5. 解析

    由空格上文 a series of four experiments,空格句主句中的 participant 和 researcher 以及下段末句 Subsequent experiments可知,本句 For one ________, ...是在介绍其中一项实验,trial近义复现 experiments,故【D】正确。


  6. 解析

    由空格下段首两句“一些笔带电”“按动更多的笔并遭受更多的电击”可知,这些笔被按动时应该会产生、发出电击,deliver 有 to give forth or produce 的语义,与incurred 形成复现关系,【A】正确。


  7. 解析

    主句内容“学生按笔并遭受电击”应是从句“单独留在房间”这一时间段之内或这一时间之后所发生的动作,【B】When符合文意。


  8. 解析

    ①句介绍实验背景,即两组人的设定,②句表明实验结论,即两组人的行为结果,故②句VS who did not know...分别对应①句“知道具体哪些笔带电的人(即知道会发knew what would生什么情况)VS 仅知道有些笔带电的人,【C】正确。


  9. 解析

    空格前 other stimuli 呼应上段①句 unpleasant stimuli,而空格后 and 连接两个内容:指甲在黑板上的声音、恶心的昆虫图片;很明显为“其他令人不快的刺激(物)”的具体例子,【D】正确。


  10. 解析

    开篇明确主题“人类想要知道的内在需求极其强烈”,第二、三段介绍相关实验,而本段首句以“________的欲求深植于我们体内”切入,很明显是“继论据(实验)之后又回归主题展开评述”,故 The drive to ________ 应该与 inherent need to resolve uncertainty、need to know 一致,【B】正确。


  11. 解析

    the basic drives for 引出“人类基本欲求的对象”,空格词与 shelter(住所)并列,同属人类基本需求的只有【A】。


  12. 解析

    举例标记词 for instance 表明“它能________新的科学进步”是对“好奇心常被认为是有益的本能”的例证说明;所以文意只能是“对科学进步起到积极作用”,【B】符合文意。


  13. 解析

    由 such 的回指功能(近指 Curiosity,远指 The drive to discover、the need to know)可以判断,空格词应体现这两项内容,inquiry 含“为获取信息而询问、打听的过程或举动”之意,【D】正确。


  14. 解析

    由上文②句“好奇心有时会适得其反”可知,空格句意在解释说明好奇心的不利之处,空格词应表明这一负面、不利之处,【C】符合文意。【A】self-deceptive虽为负面语义,但恰与全文立意“满足好奇心的代价是情绪上的痛苦”相悖:自欺背后其实是心情的愉悦。


  15. 解析

    However 提示本段应继上文“好奇心的负作用”开启另一面论述,逻辑可以是“好奇心有积极作用”,也可以是“不必太过担心这种负面作用”;结合下文②句“……的可能性更小”以及④句“降低好奇心可能的负面影响”可判断后者合理,即:病态的好奇心是可控的,【C】符合文意。


  16. 解析

    由过去将来时 would feel 以及下文③句关键词 imagining可知,“看图之后会作何感受”只能是参与者对未来可能情况的想象、预测,【C】正确。


  17. 解析

    ②句实验结果是对首句结论“病态的好奇心有可能得到抑制”的证明,因此空格部分应该表达“最终做出决定不看这种图”的语义,【D】正确,文中是对许多实验参与者行为情况的总结,故采取了“倾向性表述(were less likely to)”。


  18. 解析

    空格句是对上述实验结果的进一步说明, imagining the ________ of following through on one's curiosity ahead of time 实际对应上文②句 predict how they would feel after viewing...,因此空格词应该与“(……之后)他们作何感受”对应,【A】outcome 表示“(会议、讨论等无法预知的)结果”,符合文意。


  19. 解析

    空格部分意为:提前想象坚持好奇心的……有助于判定 ________ 值得这一尝试,the endeavor 指代 follow through on one'scuriosity;上文已知那些受邀对结果进行预想的人选择去看这些图的可能性更小,可见文意应该是:这样做有助于衡量自己如此“寻根穷究”是否值得,【C】正确。


  20. 解析

    空格句引证实验结果(Hsee says),故应该与上文③句结论一致,也即,“考虑长期________”和“降低可能的负作用”分别对应上句“提前想象坚持好奇心的结果”和“确定是否值得”,因此空格词应与outcome 近义,【B】符合文意。


【全文翻译】:

人们为何会阅读负面的网络评论并做其他显然会令自己不快的事?《心理科学》一项新近研究表明,(这是)因为人类生来就有消除不确定性的需求。该项新研究显示,人们想要知道的需求是如此强烈,以至于就算答案明显会令人不快,也还是会设法满足自己的好奇心。

在一系列的四项实验中,芝加哥大学和威斯康辛商学院的行为科学家们针对学生是否愿意为满足好奇心而让自己遭受令人不快的刺激进行了测试。其中一项试验中,研究人员向每一位参与者展示了一堆笔,并声称这些笔来自先前的一项实验。一记变招?当按动时,一半的笔会产生电击。

有 27 名学生被告知哪些笔带电;另外 27 名学生仅被告知有一些笔带电。当他们被单独留在房间时,那些不知道哪些笔会对自己产生电击的学生比那些知道将会发生什么的学生按动的笔更多,也受到更多的电击。随后的实验利用其它刺激物再现了该结果,如指甲刮擦黑板的声音和令人作呕的昆虫图片。

探索的本能需求深深根植于人类体内,几乎无异于人类对食物或住所的基本需求,芝加哥大学的奚恺元说道。好奇心通常被认为是一种有益的本能——比如它能带来新的科学进步——但有时这种探究可能会适得其反。好奇心会驱使人们去做自我毁灭的事,这是一种意义深远的见解。

不过,病态的好奇心是有可能得到抑制的。在最后一项实验中,那些被鼓励对“看到令人不快的图片后自己会作何感受”进行预测的参与者选择去看这种图片的可能性更小。这些结果表明,提前想象坚持好奇心的结果有助于确定这一尝试是否值得。“考虑长期后果是降低好奇心可能带来的负面影响的关键,”奚恺元说道。换言之,别去阅读网上评论。